Trend Setters

Density Trends:
The density of an element is the amount of mass it has per unit volume. Normally this is measured in g cm⁻³ and at room temperature. Values are shown relative to osmium, the element with the highest density.

Atomic Radius trends:
The non-bonded atomic radius of an atom is half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. Atoms are not well defined spheres so there are many ways of calculating atomic radius. Values are shown relative to francium, the element with the highest atomic radius.

Electronegativity trends:
The electronegativity of an atom is how strongly it attracts electrons towards itself. It depends on the atomic radius and the atomic number of the element. Electronegativity is most commonly measured on the Pauling scale. Values are shown relative to fluorine, the element with the highest electronegativity.

Melting Point Trends:
The melting point of an element is the temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs. Values are shown relative to the sublimation point of carbon, the highest temperature at which any element remains solid.

Ionization Energy trends:
The first ionisation energy of an atom is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its ground state. Values are shown relative to helium, the element with the highest first ionisation energy.